
Although dark clouds made the occasion seem more funereal than joyful, President George W. Bush headlined a
Who’s Who from the Civil Rights Movement on the Washington Mall yesterday for the
groundbreaking of the Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) Memorial.
But the overcast skies did not dampen anyone’s spirits. Because, being so acutely aware that
MLK’s legacy represents the heroic struggle and triumph of black Americans, we were simply overjoyed by the historic significance of this occasion.
Indeed, as I tuned out the racial and political platitudes being recited by dignitaries like former President Bill Clinton and Oprah Winfrey, I became awestruck by the
juxtaposition of the civil strife that attended the desegregation of schools and places of public accommodation 50 years ago,
with the civil harmony that attended the desegregation of this most
coveted place of honor in America yesterday.

Yet I suspect my friends who have seen
the place of honor MLK occupies in my home will be surprised to learn that I am actually conflicted about this dedication. Because as much as I admire MLK, I believe the life, political activism and legacy of
Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) make him
more worthy of being the first black to be memorialised in this American Pantheon - alongside George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln.
After all, consider that where Douglass was
born in slavery, MLK was born in freedom; where Douglass spent his formative years on a plantation
scrapping with his master’s dogs for food to eat, MLK spent his in relative luxury dining with America’s black elite; where Douglass effectively
taught himself to read and write, MLK was educated at America’s best schools, including Morehouse College and Boston University;
Where, after escaping from slavery and settling in the North, Douglass began his political activism by
personally challenging Jim Crow segregation laws that were as strictly enforced in the antebellum North as they were in the South, after graduating from University and settling in the South, MLK began his political activism by accepting the call to lead blacks who had already begun the now seminal Montgomery Bus Boycott;
Those who profess to favor freedom, and yet deprecate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground….In an effort to attack job discrimination against Blacks we need mechanics as well as ministers; we must build as well as live in houses; we must construct bridges as well as pass over them.
[Frederick Douglass]
And, where Douglass was the
undisputed black leader agitating for the abolition of slavery, MLK’s leadership was challenged by Malcolm X (and even Stokeley Carmichael) whose message of self-defense and black nationalism resonated more with black youths (for whom “
by any means necessary” was more liberating and empowering than “
I have a dream”).
Finally, where Douglass, who died aged 77, lived long enough not only to see
his dream - of the abolition of slavery- fulfilled, but also to become a professional (as a U.S. Marshall and recorder of deeds), an international statesman (as a U.S. Ambassador), and a political agitator once again (this time, on behalf of Women’s Rights); MLK, who died aged 39, saw
his dream - of racial equality - deferred so long that he did not live long enough to see it fulfilled to any significant degree.
Clearly this is not the forum for an exhaustive comparative analysis of the legacies of these two great black Americans. But I trust this rudimentary sketch suffices to show why I think Douglass -
who fought for blacks to be free from slavery, is more worthy of being the first one memorialised on the Mall than MLK -
who preached for them to be free to go to school and socialize with whites.
NOTE: King’s legacy has not been enhanced by the
squabbling amongst his four children – pitting the two younger ones who regard it as their inheritance to use for their personal benefit against the two older ones who regard it as a public trust for them to manage as zealous trustees.
In fact, here’s how
Martin Luther King III who - along with his sister Bernice - argued against the sale of MLK’s papers, writings and recorded speeches:
"Tearing the center's unique and essential elements apart -- its physical memorial and its living legacy -- only diminishes them both, thereby weakening, not strengthening, the cause to which my father and mother gave so much."
Unfortunately, he was overruled by (conspicuously absent from yesterday’s dedication)
Dexter King, Chairman of the King Center in Atlanta where these national treasures were archived, who - along with the other sister Yolanda – betrayed their father’s legacy for a reported $30 million last June.
Of course, if Dexter had one scintilla of appreciation for MLK’s familiar Biblical allusions, he would have settled for 29 just to avoid fated comparisons to
Judas who betrayed Jesus Christ for 30 pieces of silver....
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